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鸡蛋最营养吃法排行榜 [复制链接]

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鸡蛋有营养几乎是件众所周知的事,“世界最营养早餐”、“理想的营养库”、“最优质的蛋白”等,都是人们给它的华美封号。但你知道吗?水煮蛋、蒸鸡蛋、荷包蛋、炒鸡蛋……不同做法对它的营养吸收有着很大影响。本报请权威营养学家为您详细分析鸡蛋营养,并列出“鸡蛋吃法排行榜”,告诉您,要想吸收最多的蛋白质、对心脏有益、补充维生素,选择哪种鸡蛋做法才最好。

  蛋白质都在蛋清里

  吃鸡蛋,无外乎蛋清、蛋黄两个部分。有人认为蛋黄有营养,弃蛋清只吃蛋黄;有人却害怕长胖,只吃蛋清而扔掉蛋黄。蛋黄和蛋清,到底哪个更有营养?ca6.8.dns222.net%Tu)@%E1G;~0v

  中国营养学会理事长程义勇教授告诉《生命时报》记者,蛋清和蛋黄各有优势,但营养成分大不同。蛋清中除了90%的水分之外,剩下10%主要是蛋白质。可别小看这10%的蛋白质,鸡蛋中的蛋白质主要都包含其中。山东大学营养与食品卫生研究所蔺新英教授也指出,鸡蛋的蛋白质仅次于母乳,在人体中利用率很高,是食物中最优质的蛋白质之一。程义勇建议,免疫力低下的老人儿童以及刚做完手术的人,不妨多吃蛋清补充蛋白质。【价格评估论坛】'O|?+wBW
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  跟蛋清比起来,蛋黄的营养成分就复杂得多。鸡蛋中的脂肪全部集中在蛋黄里,但大多是对人体有利的脂肪酸,而且含有橄榄油中的主要成分——油酸,对预防心脏病有益。此外,维生素A、D、E、K,磷、铁等矿物质也大多在蛋黄中,尽管铁的吸收率比较低,但对于不能吃肉的婴儿来说,就显得至关重要。同时,蛋黄中还有一种非常重要的物质——卵磷脂,对大脑发育格外关键,还有降低胆固醇的作用。蛋黄的颜色更蕴藏着丰富的营养密码:有预防嘴角开裂的核黄素,还有能保护眼睛的叶黄素和玉米黄素。而往往蛋黄颜色越深,这类维生素含量就越高。

  有人害怕蛋黄中的胆固醇,“其实这是非常错误的。”程义勇说,老人体内如果血清胆固醇太低,会造成免疫力低下,血管的强度也会受到影响,同样不利于心脑血管健康。因此,健康人一天吃一两个蛋黄是非常健康的;对于血脂已经偏高的人,每天吃半个蛋黄比较合适。?4n7m"Cu
【价格评估论坛】 HJt7s,Cu['| x
  水煮的吃法最营养【价格评估论坛】ylM'E8[
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  在各种食物里,鸡蛋的吃法几乎是最多种多样的,致力于烹饪与营养研究的中国农业大学食品学院副教授范志红根据各种研究与实验数据,帮我们列出了3个鸡蛋吃法排行榜,最后发现,不管在哪个榜单里,“带壳水煮蛋”这种做法都排名第一。%mGL PJ/d~

  “有益心脏排行榜”:
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  第一名:带壳水煮蛋。不加一滴油、烹调温度不高、蛋黄中的胆固醇也没接触氧气(胆固醇一旦被氧化,就会成为最严重的心血管健康威胁之一),因此是对心脏最有益的吃法。
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  第二名:水煮荷包蛋。4s/Y!x$E'[

  第三名:蛋花汤和蒸蛋。,aql1A9r
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  第四名:煎荷包蛋。【价格评估论坛】
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  第五名:摊鸡蛋。是指用少量的油,小火煎成的蛋饼,因此蛋黄中的胆固醇氧化不多。?"R)j2Kr5UIM
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  第六名:炒鸡蛋。鸡蛋打散后再炒,蛋黄中的胆固醇和空气接触较充分,氧化较多。鸡蛋比较吸油,用油量也较大。 “蛋白质最好消化排行榜”:

  第一名:带壳水煮蛋。有研究显示,水煮蛋的蛋白质消化率高达99.7%,几乎能全部被人体吸收利用。Q+xF3W#B
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  第二名:煎荷包蛋和摊鸡蛋。这两种做法的蛋白质消化率为98%。

  第三名:炒鸡蛋。蛋白质消化率为97%。SoqM"T:{v        R
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  第四名:蒸鸡蛋。蛋白质消化率92.5%。

  第五名:生鸡蛋。蛋白质消化率仅为30%—50%。cmc#^S$o+F$}+J:y
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  “维生素保存排行榜”:

  第一名:带壳水煮蛋。加热温度低,营养全面保留。'rf:I
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  第二名:蒸蛋。加热温度较低,核黄素、叶黄素等水溶性维生素损失少。ca6.8.dns222.net#wrT |q"ourGy

  第三名:水煮荷包蛋。加热温度较低,水溶性维生素有少许损失。
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  第四名:煎荷包蛋。加热温度高,维生素A、D、E、K等脂溶性维生素和水溶性维生素都有损失。
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  第五名:摊鸡蛋。加热温度高,所有维生素都有损失。@)U
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  第六名:炒鸡蛋。加热温度高,维生素损失较多。

  鸡蛋煮熟后泡5分钟

  光知道哪种鸡蛋做法最好还不行,如果操作不对,不但会让口感变差,更会影响营养,甚至产生有害物质。

  煮鸡蛋:鸡蛋应该冷水下锅,慢火升温,沸腾后微火煮3分钟,停火后再浸泡5分钟。这样煮出来的鸡蛋蛋清嫩,蛋黄凝固又不老,蛋白变性程度最佳,也最容易消化。而煮沸时间超过10分钟的鸡蛋,不但口感变老,维生素损失大,蛋白质也会变得难消化。
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  煮荷包蛋:水沸时打入鸡蛋,转至小火煨熟。咸味的荷包蛋中可以加入西红柿、青菜等,甜味的还可以加上酒酿、红枣、枸杞等配料。:zVo)] f%tibf
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  鸡蛋羹:不要在搅拌鸡蛋的时候放入油或盐,这样易使蛋胶质受到破坏,蒸出来的蛋羹又粗又硬。也不要用力搅拌,略搅几下,保证搅均匀就上锅蒸。另外,蒸蛋羹时加入少许牛奶,能让其口感更滑嫩,营养含量也更高。ca6.8.dns222.net&`']KOUp,\

  煎荷包蛋:最好用小火,油也要少。有的人喜欢把蛋清煎得焦脆,这样不但会损失营养,还有可能产生致癌物。最好只煎一面,蛋清凝固即可。
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  摊鸡蛋:用油要少,最好用中火。蛋饼如果摊厚一点,更有利于保存营养。Sp\/~fl

  炒鸡蛋:最好用中火,忌用大火,否则会损失大量营养,还会让鸡蛋变硬。但火太小了也不行,因为时间长了水分丢失多,摊出的鸡蛋发干,会影响质感。
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